Laboratory ceev faj
1. Nws yog txwv tsis pub noj thiab haus hauv chav kuaj. Ib tug neeg ib zaug tau noj ib yam dab tsi thaum saib lub tshuab tsom iav thiab haus cov tshuaj reagents nyob ze. Txawm hais tias nws yog qhov ceev kom ntxuav lub plab, nws yog qhov ua tsis taus pa. Nws tseem txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj reagents hauv chav kuaj ua "cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv", xws li NaCl lossis dej distilled vim koj tsis paub qhov purity thiab impurities hauv NaCl, tib yam muaj tseeb rau cov dej distilled, nco ntsoov!
2. Txhuam lub raj mis, nco ntsoov txhuam ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud, txuag koj tom qab thiab siv sijhawm los xyuas seb cov khoom qias neeg puas nyob hauv lossis sab nraud.
3. Lub chaw kuaj ntshav tsis tuaj yeem hnav cov khau tawv tawv nrog rau tes vim nws yuav rub tawm hluav taws xob.
4. Thaum siv ntau cov qauv lossis cov qauv uas siv tom qab, nco ntsoov sau lawv. Txawm hais tias koj lub cim xeeb zoo dhau lawm, koj yuav tsum tshaj tawm lawv. Txwv tsis pub, yog tias koj tsis nco qab, koj yuav siv sij hawm xav txog qhov nws yog dab tsi. ….
5. Tom qab kev sim ua tsis tiav, tsis txhob maj mus pov tseg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tej zaum tom qab ib pliag, koj yuav khuv xim lub impulse.
6. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sim, koj yuav tsum sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm, thiab yog tias koj tsuas yog sau lossis tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav ua rau koj muaj teeb meem.
7. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los hnav lub qhov muag iav tsom iav kom tiv thaiv cov kuab tshuaj los yog cov tshuaj corrosive los ntawm kev sib tsoo rau hauv qhov muag. Lub lens resin yog qhov yooj yim rau corrosion.
8. Ua ntej kev sim, koj yuav tsum xub xav txog yam koj yuav tsum ua. Nws tsis yog kev hais lus khoob los ua txoj haujlwm zoo ntawm kev sim npaj. Txwv tsis pub, nws yooj yim ua yuam kev thiab txawm tias muaj xwm txheej.
9. Ua tib zoo so kom tsis txhob qaug zog ntawm kev ua haujlwm!
10. Lub raj ntsuas cua sov yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cua sov hauv nruab nrab, thiab lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsom rau tus neeg kom tiv thaiv cov kua los ntawm overheating thiab ejecting.
11. Nws yog txwv tsis pub ua kom sov tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj organic hauv lub khob, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Yog tias cov kuab tshuaj raug nthuav tawm los yog hauv qab ntawm lub raj mis tawg, tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.
12. Lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm txaus ntshai heev. Nco ntsoov, thaum decompressing nyob rau hauv qhov txo qis, tib neeg yuav tsum sim tsis txhob mus ze rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li nco ntsoov hnav cov khoom tiv thaiv xws li tsom iav. Vim tias lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej, lub me crucible ntawm lub khob ntim yuav raug rau sab nraud atmospheric siab thaum lub sij hawm decompression. Yog tias muaj qhov tawg, nws yuav ua rau tag nrho cov khob iav tawg thiab ua rau tus neeg sim ua mob.
13. Cov kuab tshuaj muaj kev pheej hmoo siab xws li chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, thiab benzene, los yog cov roj ntsha muaj zog xws li hydrochloric acid, xyuam xim rau cov pa tawm thaum siv.
14. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj alkaline hauv cov kua qaub burette. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav corrode cov iav frosted thiab phab ntsa kom tsis txhob to thiab ntim tsis raug. Cov alkaline burette yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv muaj zog oxidizing reagents xws li poov tshuaj permanganate thiab poov tshuaj dichromate. Yog tias nws yog cov khoom nruab nrab, sim siv cov burette yooj yim (qhov yooj yim burette yog ib qho yooj yim los lis).
15. Oxidizing acids xws li sulfuric acid thiab nitric acid yuav tsum tau siv kom zoo. Yog tias koj poob rau ntawm koj lub cev, ntxuav nws nrog dej thiab ntxuav nws nrog sodium bicarbonate. Tsis txhob las mees nws vim yog qhov tsawg concentration. Vim hais tias cov concentration ntawm sulfuric acid nce raws li cov dej evaporates, tus thawj dilute sulfuric acid ua concentrated sulfuric acid.
16. Khaws koj lub rooj zaum hauv chav kuaj kom huv si mus ib txhis, tsis yog kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo xwb tab sis kuj rau koj lub siab.
Tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev sim yog qhov ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem sib sau. Kev ua haujlwm yooj yim heev, xws li qhov kawg taw tes titration ntawm acid-base titration, kev paub txog 1/2 poob lossis 1/4 poob, feem ntau tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg chemistry. Yog tias koj koom nrog hauv kev sim, koj qhov kev sim sim yooj yim tseem ceeb heev.
Yog tias koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv los yog muaj kev tsis ntseeg, thov hu rau WUBOLAB, tus Laboratory glassware chaw tsim tshuaj paus.
