Laboratory paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb

Laboratory paub txog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb

Hauv chav kuaj, corrosive, toxic, flammable, explosive thiab ntau hom reagents thiab yooj yim tawg iav instruments thiab ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog siv. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob ib txwm muaj, cov neeg kuaj xyuas yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hauv chav kuaj.

1 kev paub txog kev nyab xeeb

• 1 Nws yog txwv tsis pub noj lossis haus luam yeeb hauv chav kuaj. Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau cov reagents thiab hloov lub tableware nrog rau kev sim ntsuas. Tag nrho cov reagents thiab cov qauv yuav tsum tau sau npe, thiab lub thawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov khoom uas tsis ua raws li daim ntawv lo.
• 2 Thaum lub tshuab sib tsoo ntawm lub raj mis reagent tsis ruaj khov, lub raj mis tuaj yeem raug smashed thiab smashed ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj zaum sim kom nws xoob; los yog lub raj mis plaub hau tuaj yeem ua kom sov me ntsis los ntawm lub tshuab ziab plaub hau kom nthuav dav; los yog nws tuaj yeem daig hauv qhov sib txawv Ntxiv ob peb tee ntawm cov kua dej muaj zog (xws li ethyl acetate, kerosene, penetrant OT, dej, dilute hydrochloric acid). Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub tawm tsam nrog cov khoom hnyav los tiv thaiv lub raj mis los ntawm kev tawg.
• 3 cov nplaim hluav taws kub thiab tawg yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab saib xyuas. Thaum cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ua kom sov, siv cov da dej da dej lossis da dej xuab zeb, thiab saib xyuas kom tsis txhob qhib hluav taws. Cov khoom kub kub (xws li kub enamel) yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm qhov xav tau.
• 4 Thaum ntxig los yog rub tawm lub iav pas nrig, lub raj iav thiab tus pas ntsuas kub rau hauv cov roj hmab ntsaws lossis lub hose, nws yuav tsum tau padded nrog ntaub, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuam kom ntxig lossis rub tawm. Thaum txiav cov iav rods, iav raj, thiab sib sau los yog disassembling cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov iav rods thiab iav raj los ntawm kev puas tsuaj tam sim ntawd thiab ua rau raug mob.
• 5 Thaum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nco ntsoov tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Tsis txhob siv ob txhais tes ntub dej los yog cov khoom ntub dej los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob. Tom qab qhov kev sim ua tiav, lub zog yuav tsum raug txiav tawm raws sijhawm.
• 6 Lub installation, commissioning, siv thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov cuab yeej. Kev ntsuas ntsuas, spectrophotometers, acidity meters thiab lwm yam cuab yeej precision yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv chav tsev ntawm shockproof, dustproof, noo noo pov thawj, anti-corrosion, tiv thaiv tshav ntuj thiab me me hloov nyob rau hauv ambient kub los xyuas kom meej qhov kev siv ntawm lub twj paj nruag, lub hwj chim mov voltage. yuav tsum sib xws; Cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis. Thaum lub cuab yeej siv tas lawm, tua lub hwj chim thiab rov qab txhua lub pob qhov rooj mus rau qhov chaw pib.
• 7 Lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum ua kom huv, huv si, cov ntawv pov tseg, cov iav tawg, cov pas nrig thiab lwm yam pov tseg rau hauv cov khib nyiab; khib nyiab acid, khib nyiab alkali thiab lwm cov kua khib nyiab yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv cov kua dej khib nyiab; cov reagents spilled rau ntawm lub rooj zaum xeem yuav tsum ntxuav txhua lub sij hawm; siv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws ntub dej lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev ntxhua khaub ncaws thaum ntxuav hauv pem teb; ntxuav koj txhais tes kom zoo tom qab qhov kev sim ua tiav, thiab ua tib zoo xyuas tias cov dej, hluav taws xob, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais raug kaw thaum tawm hauv chav kuaj.
• 8 Thaum muaj xwm txheej hauv chav kuaj, cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum ua nrog tam sim ntawd, thiab tsis txhob ntshai. Thaum lub ntsuas ntsuas raug hluav taws kub, siv lub tshuab tua hluav taws los tua hluav taws. Thaum cov roj thiab cov kua hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tua hluav taws, lawv tuaj yeem tua nrog cov xuab zeb thiab cov khaub ncaws ntub dej. Thaum hlau thiab fuming H2SO4 ntes hluav taws, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov xuab zeb daj los tua hluav taws. Qhov hluav taws kub uas tshwm sim los ntawm Circuit Court yuav tsum raug txiav tawm ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd tua. Thaum muaj xwm txheej kub ntxhov loj, koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tub ceev xwm tam sim ntawd thiab ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab los txo qhov kev poob.
• 9 Thaum tus kws kuaj mob kub hnyiab, npog lub qhov txhab nrog paj rwb so nrog ф = 95% cawv, los yog siv rau lub qhov txhab nrog qe roj (cov roj muab rho tawm ntawm lub qe nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic), thiab siv cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob sab nraud. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muaj zog acid splashes, ntxuav nrog dej ua ntej, ces ntxuav lub qhov txhab nrog w = 5% NaHCO3 tov. Cov neeg raug mob hnyav yuav tsum raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob.
• 10 Cov neeg soj ntsuam uas muaj cov tsos mob xws li kiv taub hau, ntuav, thiab xeev siab vim kev nqus pa ntawm cov pa phem yuav tsum xub tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab so hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cua nkag mus. Cov neeg mob hnyav yuav tsum raug xa mus rau tsev kho mob.

2 Siv thiab khaws cia cov kua qaub thiab cov concentrated alkali

Concentrated acid thiab concentrated alkali yog heev corrosive thiab yooj yim ua rau txawv degrees ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog tias txaws rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yuav ua rau corrosion thiab kub hnyiab. Inhalation ntawm concentrated acid vapor yuav ua rau kom lub ntsws ua pa.

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no thaum siv:

• 1 Thaum siv cov kua qaub, tsis txhob siv lub qhov ntswg kom hnov ​​​​nws lossis taw tes lub raj mis rau tus neeg lub ntsej muag.
• 2 Thaum siv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov kua dej los ntawm cov tawv nqaij kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab.
• 3 Hnav hnab looj tes roj hmab thiab tsom iav kev nyab xeeb thaum siv lub tsev rau khoom. Yog tias lub raj mis loj, koj yuav tsum tuav hauv qab ntawm lub raj mis nrog ib txhais tes thiab tuav lub raj mis ntawm ib sab tes.
• 4 Thaum siv lub pipette los kos cov kua, nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub pob roj hmab.
• 5 Tsis txhob ci hauv qhov cub.
• 6 Dilute H2SO4 yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub thawv kub-resistant, thiab tsuas yog H2SO4 yuav tsum maj mam hliv rau hauv dej raws phab ntsa. Tsis txhob nchuav dej rau hauv H2SO4 thiab do nrog lub khob pas nrig. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias heev, nws yuav tsum tau txias thiab txias ua ntej txuas ntxiv mus. Thaum npaj ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm NaOH lossis KOH, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv lub thawv kub-resistant. Yog hais tias koj xav tau neutralize concentrated acid los yog concentrated alkali, koj yuav tsum xub dilute.
• 7 Thaum crushing los yog sib tsoo NaOH, yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob tej me me los yog lwm yam khoom uas txaus ntshai fragment ntawm splashing, thiaj li tsis mus hlawv lub qhov muag, lub ntsej muag los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev.
• 8 Thaum siv cov concentrated H2SO4 ua lub da dej cua sov, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ceev faj, lub qhov muag yuav tsum tawm ntawm ib qho kev ncua deb, cov nplaim hluav taws yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj cov asbestos core ntawm asbestos net, thiab kev sib tov yuav tsum zoo ib yam. Nyob rau hauv cov concentrated H2SO4 nruab nrab, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Thaum ntxiv cov concentrated H2SO4, nws yuav tsum tau nplawm nrog lub iav pas nrig. Tsis txhob siv stirring es tsis txhob stirring kom tsis txhob txaws.
• 9 Tsis txhob nchuav cov kua qaub thiab cov concentrated alkali pov tseg rau hauv lub tank dej kom tiv thaiv kev thaiv los yog yaig ntawm cov kav dej.
• 10 Thaum cov concentrated acid ntws mus rau lub rooj ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrab tam sim nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm NaHCO3 tov kom txog thaum tsis muaj npuas (xws li concentrated alkali ntws mus rau lub rooj, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm dilute acetic acid tam sim ntawd) , ces yaug nrog dej. desktop.

Kev txuag ntawm concentrated acid thiab concentrated alkali

• 1 Concentrated acid thiab concentrated alkali yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv qhov txias, qhov cua, kom deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, thiab muab tso rau hauv kev sib cais los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj. Cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv corrosion-resistant (acid-resistant cements lossis acid-resistant ceramics) thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
• 2 Tam sim ntawd tom qab siv, lub raj mis reagent yuav tsum raug kaw thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw qub los tiv thaiv lub teeb.
• 3 chav kuaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob paub
• Cov cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
• 1 Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau tswj hwm los ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, thiab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Ua ntej siv, xyuas seb cov keyboards, kab thiab lwm yam khoom puas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha. Hnav cov hnab looj tes insulated, sawv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev mats, thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv.
• 2 Hlau rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum txhim khu kev qha, thiab cov kab installation yuav tsum tsim nyog. Kev tsim nyog kab fuses yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li lub nra. Tooj, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau hlau yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog hluav taws kub.
• 3 Thaum lub hwj chim raug txiav, txiav tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tom qab lub zog rov qab los, tig lub zog raws li cov txheej txheem kev khiav haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.
• 4 Thaum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, kev siv thiab kev ceev faj. Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus sij hawm ntev, xyuas seb qhov kev ua haujlwm puas zoo ua ntej siv. Yog tias muaj cov dej ntws tawm, tsis txhob siv tam sim ntawd thiab ua haujlwm kho; yog tias muaj lwm yam txawv txav tshwm sim, nws yuav tsum nres tam sim ntawd, ceeb toom rau tus kws tshaj lij kom ua haujlwm kho thiab muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Disassembly thiab kho.
• 5 Cov khoom siv thiab cov xov hlau yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia kom qhuav thiab huv, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cov ntaub ntub dej los yog hlau txhuam txhuam.

Hluav taws xob poob siab thiab kev pab thawj zaug

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab yog: tsis muaj kev paub txog kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, tsis paub txog kev ua haujlwm thiab siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis pom kev; ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tu cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob; Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, tib neeg lub cev kov lub qhov xau thiab hluav taws xob poob siab; Lub sij hawm ntev disrepair Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis raug kho raws sij hawm, NW nyuam qhuav siv. Lub teeb shocks tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij, uas tuaj yeem ua rau poob siab, ua pa, thiab lub plawv dhia.

Thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob siab. Kev pab thawj zaug yuav tsum tau ua raws li hauv qab no:

• 1 Ua ntej txiav lub hwj chim sai sai thiab cawm. Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, tus neeg cawm siav yuav tsum hnav cov hnab looj tes roj hmab, hnav cov hnab looj tes roj hmab los yog cov ntaub qhwv ntoo qhuav, thiab siv cov khoom siv insulating, xws li cov ntoo qhuav, cov khaub ncaws qhuav, thiab lwm yam, kom cov hluav taws xob. kev poob siab tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob sai li sai tau, tab sis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob raug mob ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab. .
• 2 Muab hluav taws xob tso rau hauv av thiab xyuas qhov ua pa thiab lub plawv dhia tam sim ntawd. Yog tias qhov ua tsis taus pa, kev ua pa tawm dag zog yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd; Thaum lub plawv dhia nres, kev ua pa tawm dag zog thiab lub hauv siab compressions tau ua tib lub sijhawm, thiab xa mus rau tsev kho mob sai sai. Ceev faj kom tsis txhob kis kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tau hlawv.