Cov kev cai tsim nyog rau kev sim hauv chav kuaj
Cov tshuaj reagents yog cov tshuaj purity siab uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau zoo thiab yog cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm analytical. Lub purity ntawm cov reagent yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev ntsuam xyuas analytical. Nws yuav cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias qhov purity ntawm cov reagent tsis ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas, qhov ntsuas ntsuas tsis raug. Kev xaiv kom raug thiab siv cov tshuaj reagents yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm kev sim tshuaj ntsuam, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev sim thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov kev sim. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg siv ntsuas yuav tsum nkag siab qhov xwm txheej, hom, siv thiab siv cov tshuaj reagent.
Raws li cov qauv zoo thiab kev siv, cov tshuaj reagents tuaj yeem faib dav rau cov qauv reagents, cov tshuaj reagents, high-purity reagents thiab tshwj xeeb reagents.
1 Cov kev cai dav dav rau kev tshuaj xyuas
- 1 Qhov hnyav: yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm hnyav nrog qhov sib npaug, qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau qhia los ntawm tus lej zoo ntawm tus nqi, xws li "hnyav 20.0g ... " Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hnyav yog ± 0.1g; "hnyav 20.00g..." Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntau yog ± 0.01g.
- 2 Qhov tseeb qhov hnyav: yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm hnyav nrog qhov tseeb qhov sib npaug nrog qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.0001g.
- 3 Qhov nyiaj tsis tu ncua: yog hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tom qab ob qhov sib law liag qhuav los yog hlawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis pub dhau qhov teev tseg.
- 4 Kev Ntsuas: yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntsuas cov khoom ua kua los ntawm lub tog raj kheej ntsuas lossis lub khob ntsuas, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom raug yog sawv cev los ntawm tus lej zoo ntawm tus lej tus nqi.
- 5 suction: yog hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev noj cov khoom ua kua nrog lub pipette thiab cov kav dej tiav. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj tseeb yog sawv cev los ntawm tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi
- 6 Kev kuaj dawb: hais txog cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib luag, tshwj tsis yog tias tsis muaj cov qauv ntxiv, siv tib txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, cov tshuaj reagents thiab ntau npaum li cas (tshwj tsis yog tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem titration tov nyob rau hauv txoj kev titration). Siv los txiav tawm qhov kev txwv tsis pub tshaj ntawm cov reagent keeb kwm yav dhau thiab cov txheej txheem ntsuas kev suav hauv cov qauv.
2 reagent yuav tsum tau thiab cov sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj concentration
Cov dej siv hauv cov qauv ntsuas yog hais txog cov dej distilled lossis dej deionized thaum tsis muaj lwm yam yuav tsum tau qhia. Thaum nws tsis tau teev tias cov kuab tshuaj twg yog siv los npaj cov tshuaj, nws txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj aqueous. Thaum qhov tshwj xeeb concentration ntawm H2SO4, HNO3, HCL, NH3 · H2O tsis tau teev nyob rau hauv txoj kev xeem, nws yog hais txog cov concentration ntawm cov khoom lag luam reagent specification. Cov dej poob yog hais txog cov dej distilled uas ntws los ntawm tus qauv dropper. Ntawm 20 ° C, 20 tee yog sib npaug rau 1.0 mL.
Cov txheej txheem sawv cev ntawm kev daws concentration yog:
1 yog qhia nyob rau hauv tus qauv concentration (piv txwv li, lub concentration ntawm cov khoom): nws yog txhais raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev ntim ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab chav tsev yog Mol / L.
2 yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm proportional concentration: nws yog qhia raws li qhov sib xyaw loj feem ntawm ob peb cov khoom reagents los yog qhov sib xyaw ntim feem ntawm cov kua reagent, thiab tuaj yeem sau ua (1 + 1) (4 + 2 + 1)
3 qhia nyob rau hauv pawg (ntim) feem: qhia raws li qhov loj feem los yog ntim feem ntawm cov kua nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, uas yuav muab sau ua w los yog ф.
4 Yog hais tias cov tshuaj concentration yog qhia nyob rau hauv loj los yog ntim units, nws yuav tsum tau qhia raws li g / L los yog nyob rau hauv nws cov zauv feem tsim nyog (piv txwv li, mg / mL).
Kev xav tau thiab lwm yam kev xav tau rau kev tsim cov kev daws teeb meem:
Lub purity ntawm cov reagents thiab cov kuab tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm lub analytical project. Cov reagents feem ntau yog khaws cia rau hauv cov iav tawv fwj. Cov tshuaj lye thiab hlau yog muab khaws cia rau hauv lub raj mis polyethylene thiab muab cia rau hauv lub fwj xim av hauv qhov tsaus ntuj.
Cov kev xeem sib npaug yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm kuaj. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sawv cev ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyiam huv ntawm zaub mov. Kev suav thiab tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov lej siv tau thiab cov cai ntawm cov lej sib pauv.
Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis raws li cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam uas tau teev tseg hauv tus qauv. Kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua rau cov yam tsis zoo (kev lom, tawg, xeb, kub hnyiab, thiab lwm yam) hauv kev sim. Lub chaw kuaj lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas zoo. Raws li kev tsim kom muaj cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb zoo, lub chaw kuaj lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo xws li kev kuaj pom, qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, thiab kos duab cov ntaub ntawv nkhaus. Tus neeg soj ntsuam yuav tsum sau cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam.
