Hauv kev tsom xam ua haujlwm, kev ntxhua khaub ncaws iav tsis yog tsuas yog npaj ua haujlwm ua ntej kev sim tab sis kuj yog kev ua haujlwm. Kev huv huv ntawm chav kuaj iav iav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov kev sim thiab txawm tias txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm qhov kev sim.
Vim tias cov tais diav tsis huv lossis tsis huv, lawv feem ntau ua rau muaj kev sim loj, thiab txawm tias qhov kev sim sib txawv yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, rau lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov chaw tshawb fawb, tsev kho mob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov mines, kev ntxuav cov cuab yeej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws yog hu ua cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj ntau yam raws li qhov xav tau sib txawv. Cov feem ntau siv yog raws li nram no:
Muaj zog acid oxidizer lotion
Lub zog acid oxidant lotion yog tsim nrog methyl dichromate (K2Cr2O7) thiab concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). K2Cr2O7 muaj zog oxidizing muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv acidic daws, thiab nws muaj me ntsis yaig nyhuv ntawm iav instruments. Yog li no cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yog siv dav tshaj plaws hauv chav kuaj.
Qhov concentration ntawm kev npaj nws txawv ntawm 5 mus rau 12%. Chromium yog carcinogenic, yog li ceev faj thaum tsim thiab siv tshuaj pleev. Ob txoj hauv kev yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Noj 100mL ntawm industrial concentrated sulfuric acid nyob rau hauv ib tug beaker, ua tib zoo cua sov, ces maj mam ntxiv 5g ntawm poov tshuaj dichromate hmoov, do thaum ntxiv, tos kom txog thaum tag nrho dissolves thiab maj mam txias, ces muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj zoo lub raj mis ntawm av iav stopper.
2. Nyhav 5g poov tshuaj dichromate hmoov, muab tso rau hauv 250mL beaker, ntxiv 5mL dej kom yaj nws, ces maj mam ntxiv 100mL concentrated sulfuric acid, cov tshuaj kub yuav ncav cuag 80 ° C, tos kom txias, thiab muab cia rau hauv lub sib tsoo iav lub raj mis.
Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj zog oxidant, tab sis oxidation kuj qeeb. Nws tsuas siv ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb teev ncaj qha mus cuag lub nkoj. Tom qab tshem tawm, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si nrog dej 7 zaug - 10 zaug thiab thaum kawg yaug nrog dej ntshiab rau 3 zaug.
Ceev faj:
Cov tshuaj pleev no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum siv, kom tsis txhob "hlawv" cov khaub ncaws thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas. Cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws yog nchuav rau hauv lub khob iav kom ntxuav, thiab cov phab ntsa peripheral ntawm lub khob iav yuav tsum tau dipped tag nrho thiab tom qab ntawd nres ib pliag thiab rov qab mus rau lub raj mis ntxuav.
Tom qab yaug cov iav tshiab tshiab nrog dej me me rau thawj zaug, tsis txhob nchuav cov dej khib nyiab rau hauv pas dej thiab cov kav dej. Nws yuav corrode lub pas dej ua ke thiab cov kav dej rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub tank pov tseg. Thaum lub tank puv, nws yuav poob rau hauv cov khib nyiab. Yog tias tsis yog Lub tank khib nyiab yuav tsum tau yaug nrog dej ntau thaum nchuav rau hauv lub pas dej.
Alkaline tshuaj pleev
Cov alkaline ntxhua khaub ncaws yog siv los ntxuav cov ntaub ntawv oily, thiab cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws yog siv rau lub sijhawm ntev (tshaj 24 teev) txoj kev ntub dej los yog txoj kev poob. Thaum noj cov cuab yeej los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev alkaline, hnav hnab looj tes latex kom tsis txhob kub hnyiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Feem ntau siv alkaline ntxhua khaub ncaws yog: sodium carbonate tov (Na2CO3, dej qab zib tshauv), sodium hydrogen carbonate (Na2HCO3, ci dej qab zib), sodium phosphate (Na3PO4, trisodium phosphate) tov, disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) tov thiab lwm yam.
Cov kua ntxuav xab npum, cov kua ntxuav alkali, cov kua ntxuav tshuaj ntxuav hluavtaws: Nws yog cov tshuaj ntxuav feem ntau siv, xab npum, kua ntxuav xab npum, hmoov ntxuav, hmoov ntxuav, thiab siv tau rau txhuam ncaj qha nrog txhuam, xws li lub khob iav . Cov raj mis peb ceg, lub raj mis reagent , thiab lwm yam; cov tshuaj pleev yog siv rau cov khoom siv iav uas tsis yooj yim rau kev txhuam txhuam, xws li burettes, pipettes, volumetric flasks, distillers, thiab lwm yam, thiab kuj siv rau kev ntxuav khob thiab txhuam uas siv tau ntev. Tsis muaj scaling. Kev ntxuav cov khoom siv iav nrog tshuaj pleev tshem tawm cov av los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov av nws tus kheej.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntub ib qho nyiaj ntawm lub sijhawm; Cov kuab tshuaj organic yog ib yam khoom muaj roj rau cov av thiab tuaj yeem ntxuav tawm los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov organic hnyav kom yaj cov roj, lossis tuaj yeem tov nrog dej los ntawm qee cov organic hnyav. Qhov tshwj xeeb, yog yaug lub khob iav nrog dej yuav tsis ntxuav tawm. Piv txwv li, toluene, xylene, roj av, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ntxuav cov roj, thiab cawv, ether, thiab acetone tuaj yeem ntxuav cov khoom siv tsuas yog ntxuav dej.
Alkaline poov tshuaj permanganate lotion
Nws yog siv los ntxuav cov kua nrog alkaline potassium permanganate, uas yog tsim rau ntxuav cov hlab ntsha oily.
Kev npaj: Noj 4 g ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate (KMnO4) thiab yaj nrog dej me me, tom qab ntawd ntxiv 10 mL ntawm 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Ntshiab acid soda lotion
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov av ntawm lub nkoj, ncaj qha rau hauv dej los yog zom cov hlab ntsha nrog hydrochloric acid (HCL) lossis concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) (qhov kub yuav tsum tsis txhob siab dhau, txwv tsis pub cov concentrated acid. volatilizes cov neeg). Soda ash lotion yog ntau tshaj 10% concentrated caustic soda (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) los yog sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) tov los yog immersed nyob rau hauv lub nkoj (yuav boiled).
Cov kuab tshuaj organic
Lub nkoj uas muaj roj av tuaj yeem txhuam los yog tsau nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li roj av, toluene, xylene, acetone, cawv, chloroform lossis ether. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov tsis zoo los siv cov kuab tshuaj organic ua cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav alkaline tuaj yeem siv ntau li ntau tau rau cov iav loj uas tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog txhuam. Tsuas yog cov khoom me me lossis cov iav tshwj xeeb uas tsis tuaj yeem siv cov txhuam hniav tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog cov kuab tshuaj organic, xws li piston bores, cov lus qhia pipette, cov lus qhia burette, burette piston qhov, droppers, vials, thiab lwm yam.
Ib lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws
Rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj carcinogenic, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev, cov tshuaj decontamination rau decomposing cov carcinogenic tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv rau immersion ua ntej ntxuav thiab ntxuav.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau siv hauv kev tshuaj xyuas zaub mov yog:
1% lossis 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) tov, 20% HNO3 thiab 2% KMnO4 kua.
Cov tshuaj 1% lossis 5% NaOCL yog kev puas tsuaj rau aflatoxin. Tom qab immersing lub iav tsis huv nrog 1% NaOCL tov rau ib nrab hnub los yog raus nws nrog 5% NaOCL tov rau ib pliag, cov nyhuv ntawm kev rhuav tshem aflatoxin tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Txoj kev: noj 100g ntawm bleaching hmoov, ntxiv 500mL dej, do tusyees, thiab yaj 80g ntawm industrial Na2CO3 nyob rau hauv dej sov 500mL, ces sib tov ob kua, do, qhia meej thiab lim, lub filtrate muaj NaOCL yog 2.5%; Rau kev npaj hmoov, qhov hnyav ntawm NaCO3 yuav tsum tau muab ob npaug rau thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev daws teeb meem yog kwv yees li 5%. Yog tias xav tau 1% NaOCL tov, cov tshuaj saum toj no tuaj yeem diluted hauv kev faib ua feem.
20% HNO3 tov thiab 5% KMnO4 kua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau benzo(a) pyrene. Cov khob iav uas muaj benzo(a) pyrene tuaj yeem tsau hauv 20% HNO3 rau 24 teev. Tom qab tshem tawm, cov kua qaub seem yog ntxuav tawm nrog dej kais dej. Kev ntxuav yog nqa tawm. Cov hnab looj tes latex thiab micro-syringes uas muaj kab mob benzo(a) pyrene tuaj yeem soaked hauv 2% KMnO4 tov rau 2 teev thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav.
WUBOLAB yog lub chaw tsim khoom siv iav hauv chav kuaj hauv Suav teb , muab cov kev pabcuam yuav khoom siv iav tiav.
