Laboratory glassware yog ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm, thiab nws yog ib qho khoom siv uas feem ntau siv hauv chav kuaj thiab tsis muaj nuj nqis los ntawm tib neeg. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, nws cov kev siv nyiaj tsuas yog thib ob rau cov tshuaj. Kev tswj kom tsim nyog thiab siv cov iav iav tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo, tab sis kuj txo qhov poob thiab txuag nyiaj.
(1) Cov yam ntxwv thiab hom iav iav.
Feem ntau, feem ntau ntawm cov chaw kuaj tshuaj siv cov iav, thiab tsuas yog qee qhov kev sim siv cov khoom siv yas kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev sim. Cov iav siv hauv kev sim tshuaj muaj cov coefficient me me ntawm thermal expansion vim nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, tiv taus quenching thiab kub ceev, thiab muaj thermal stability thiab tshuaj stability.
Chemical glassware muaj kub melting ntau dua li cov hlab ntsha yas. Laboratory glassware feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm niaj hnub muaj xws li scale tubes, pipettes, ntsuas lub tog raj kheej, burettes, volumetric flasks, tus pas ntsuas kub, test tubes, flasks, beakers, conical flasks, laboratory funnels, droppers, iav rods, yas dropper, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Kev faib cov khoom siv iav.
Raws li lub tuam txhab txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thiab cov cuab yeej hloov kho tas li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov iav yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog nce ntxiv, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam ntxiv. Raws li yav dhau los txoj kev ntawm kev siv thiab kev tswj xyuas, muaj ntau yam tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev hu rau kev txo nqi thiab efficiency nce, peb yuav tsum pib ntawm peb tus kheej thiab pib nrog cov ntsiab lus.
Raws li kev pom ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov iav iav, lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum khaws cov khoom txaus. Cov ntaub ntawv tswj tsis tau tswj hwm yav dhau los thiab tsis tau sau tseg tau pom tseeb tias poob qab, feem ntau ua rau kev yuav khoom rov qab, nce cov khoom muag, thiab nce kev nyuaj hauv kev nrhiav kev nyuaj. Yog tias peb txais yuav ntau hom thiab txawv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev faib tawm, peb yuav ua kom muaj lub sijhawm kom ntxaws thaum them nyiaj, kom cov khoom tuaj yeem tshem tawm, txuag nyiaj, txuag chaw thiab txuag sijhawm. Nws tuaj yeem muab lub zog ua haujlwm zoo dua. Cov iav iav yog qhov tsis yooj yim heev thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom pov tseg vim tsis saib xyuas.
(3) Khaws cov iav iav.
Rau cov cuab yeej iav uas khaws cia hauv cov tsev khaws khoom, cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj raug txheeb raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, thiab cov khoom siv nquag yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj zaum ruaj khov lossis hauv chav kuaj. Cov nkoj sib txawv muaj qhov yuav tsum tau tso chaw sib txawv. Piv txwv li, tom qab ntxuav lub khob conical, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tawb coj mus kuaj los yog ntawm lub rooj sim. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm random los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Tom qab siv burette, hmo ntuj yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav nkag, koj tuaj yeem npog lub tes tsho yas los yog thim rov qab rau ntawm lub hnab ntim titration. Rau lub sij hawm ntev uas tsis siv burette yuav tsum tau ntxuav, Vaseline rov qab daim ntawv yog sib cais, thiab lub piston yog khaws cia nrog ib tug roj hmab band los tiv thaiv sticking los yog slipping puas. Tom qab siv lub pipette, nws raug ntxuav thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab khib los yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv tsis muaj plua plav siv. Tom qab ntxuav lub cuvette, muab cov ntawv lim rau hauv lub tais ntxuav tais diav, muab tso rau ntawm daim ntawv lim los yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv huv. Rau cov twj siv hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab sib tsoo, xws li lub raj ntim ntim ntim, lub thawv ntim thiab lub raj mis lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau muab khi nrog cov hlua khi lossis cov xov hlau ua ntej siv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam los yog sib tov lub ntsaws. Rau kev siv mus ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntim ib daim ntawv ntawm lub raj mis lub qhov ncauj thiab lub stopper thaum khaws cia, thiaj li tsis txhob lo rau lub sijhawm ntev heev.
(4) Ntxuav lub khob iav.
Muab cov tais diav khaws cia rau ntawm qhov chaw kom huv, huv si thiab yooj yim, thiab muab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, qhia lub npe, qhov tshwj xeeb thiab lub sijhawm, kom qhov kev tso kawm yog qhov pom tseeb thiab siv tau yooj yim.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm siv, yog tias siv cov iav thiab cov khoom siv yas tsis raug ntxuav lossis tsis huv, nws yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev xeem, ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev loj thiab txawm tias tsis ua tiav ntawm qhov kev xeem. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej qhov huv ntawm lub khob iav. Rau cov uas tsis tau siv, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab qhuav kom nruj raws li cov kev cai, txwv tsis pub lawv yuav ua kom paub qhov yuam kev thiab poob kev ntseeg siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sim ua kom muaj siab rau lub tais tshwj xeeb. Rau qhov yooj yim-rau-ntxuav reagent residues, tus txheeb ze yuam kev ntawm rov siv dua tom qab ntxuav yog me me, tab sis rau cov reagents uas nyuaj los ntxuav, txawm tias lawv siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev ntsuam xyuas tom qab ntxuav, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib kis kab mob yuav nce. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv lo kom raug yog lub hauv paus los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv ntsuas.
(5) Kev ziab ntawm iav.
Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev xyaum ua haujlwm, qee yam khoom siv xws li beakers thiab conical flasks tuaj yeem siv thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav, thiab qee qhov kev sim tshuaj xav kom cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum qhuav. Qee tus tsis xav tau dej, thiab qee qhov xav tau tsis muaj kab. Cov kev xav tau sib txawv ntawm qhov project mus rau qhov project. Yog li ntawd, raws li kev cai sib txawv, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab qhuav tom qab siv txhua. Rau cov neeg uas tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug maj, qhuav lawm. Tom qab ntxuav nrog dej ntshiab, rov qab mus rau hauv qhov chaw huv si kom tswj tau cov dej noo, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm ntuj ziab. Rau kev siv cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv, tom qab ntxuav thiab tswj cov dej noo, muab tso rau hauv qhov cub hluav taws xob kom qhuav, qhov cub kub yog 105-120 0c rau li 1 teev, los yog nws tuaj yeem qhuav hauv lub thawv qhuav. Qee lub raj mis hnyav rau qhov hnyav yog txias thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub tshuab desiccator tom qab ziab kom qhuav kom qhuav. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj lij yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm ua ntej ua ntej sib txawv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sim sib txawv, kev sim ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom siv sim.
