M'ma labotale, zotengera zamagalasi zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira pakuyesa, kusunga mankhwala, ndi kusamalira zitsanzo. Zotengerazi zidapangidwa kuti zizitha kupirira machitidwe osiyanasiyana amankhwala, kutentha, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito. M'munsimu muli zina mwazotengera zamagalasi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma lab, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi ntchito zake:
1. Beakers
- Description: Cylindrical yokhala ndi pansi komanso milomo yothira.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse zosakaniza, kusonkhezera, ndi kutenthetsa zamadzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro za voliyumu kuti ayesedwe moyerekeza.
2. Mabotolo
- a. Erlenmeyer Flasks
- Description: Conical mawonekedwe ndi pansi lathyathyathya ndi yopapatiza khosi.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kusakaniza ndi kuzungulira popanda kutaya, kutentha zamadzimadzi, ndi kuchita ma titrations.
- b. Mabotolo a Volumetric
- Description: Peyala yokhala ndi khosi lalitali komanso chizindikiro cholondola.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kukonzekera milingo yeniyeni ya mayankho owunikira kuchuluka.
- c. Ma Flasks Ozungulira-Pansi
- Description: Chozungulira pansi ndi khosi.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotchera ndi reflux setups, makamaka pakupanga mankhwala ndi distillation.
3. Machubu Oyesera
- Description: Machubu ang'onoang'ono a cylindrical, omwe amapangidwa ndi galasi, okhala ndi zozungulira kapena pansi.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kugwira, kusakaniza, kapena kutentha zinthu zazing'ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika koyenera komanso zikhalidwe za microbiological.
4. Ma Cylinders Omaliza Maphunziro
- Description: Zotengera zazitali, zopapatiza zokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuyeza molondola kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi. Ndizolondola kwambiri kuposa ma beaks koma zocheperako kuposa ma flasks a volumetric.
5. Zakudya za Petri
- Description: Magalasi osaya, cylindrical kapena mbale zapulasitiki zokhala ndi lids.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kukulitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zikhalidwe zama cell, ndikuyesa kuyesa kwa microbiological.
6. Mabotolo ndi mitsuko
- a. Mabotolo a Reagent
- Description: Mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zipewa zotetezedwa kapena zoyimitsa.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kusunga mankhwala, ma reagents, ndi mayankho mosamala.
- b. Mitsuko Yosungirako
- Description: Zotengera zapakamwa zotakata zokhala ndi zivundikiro zotsekera mpweya.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kusunga zitsanzo zolimba kapena zamadzimadzi, ma reagents, ndi zida zomvera.
7. Büchner Funnels
- Description: Miyendo yokhala ndi mbale yopindika kapena porous, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pepala losefera.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Sefa youma kuti mulekanitse zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi.
8. Onani Magalasi
- Description: Concave galasi mbale ndi pang'ono anakweza m'mphepete.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuphimba ma beaker kuteteza kuipitsidwa, zamadzimadzi zomwe zimatuluka nthunzi, komanso ngati pamwamba poyang'ana zitsanzo zazing'ono.
9. Ma Condensers ndi Reflux Setups
- Description: Zida zamagalasi zapadera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku galasi la borosilicate.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuziziritsa nthunzi kubwerera mu madzi mu distillation kapena reflux njira.
10. Desiccators
- Description: Zotengera zamagalasi zosindikizidwa zokhala ndi chipinda chosungiramo zowumitsa.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kusunga zinthu za hygroscopic kuti zikhale zouma pochotsa chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga mkati.
11. Machubu a NMR
- Description: Machubu apadera agalasi okometsedwa a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kukhala ndi zitsanzo za kusanthula kwa NMR kuti mudziwe mawonekedwe a maselo.
12. Mabotolo a Chitsanzo
- Description: Mabotolo agalasi otsekedwa otetezedwa a zitsanzo zamoyo.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kusunga ndi kunyamula zitsanzo zamoyo kuti zifufuzidwe.
13. Zotengera Zosefukira Magalasi
- Description: Zotengera zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zitolere zakumwa zosefukira muzoyeserera zoyeserera.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kupewa kutayikira ndi kusunga milingo yamadzimadzi yoyendetsedwa bwino panthawi yakuchita.
14. Galasi Autoclave Containers
- Description: Magalasi opangidwa kuti athe kupirira mikhalidwe ya autoclaving (kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutentha).
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuwongolera zitsanzo ndi ma reagents mu magawo a autoclave.
17. Glass Microplates
- Description: Ma mbale agalasi okhala ndi zitsime zazing'ono zingapo.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuchita zoyeserera zapamwamba komanso kuyesa kofananira.
19. Glass Mortar ndi Pestle
- Description: Seti yokhala ndi mbale (mtondo) ndi chibonga cholemera (pestle) chopangidwa ndi galasi.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Akupera ndi homogenizing mankhwala zitsanzo.
20. Mabotolo Osefera Magalasi
- Description: Mabotolo okhala ndi makina osefera olekanitsa zolimba ku zakumwa.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kuchita njira zosefera zopukutira kapena mphamvu yokoka.
21. Zosungirako za Reagent
- Description: Zotengera zazikulu zamagalasi zopangidwa kuti zisunge ma reagents ambiri.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Kupereka ma reagents mosalekeza otaya machitidwe kapena zazikulu zimachitikira.
22. Magalasi Akubweza
- Description: Zotengera zamagalasi zokhuthala ndi khosi lalitali.
- Amagwiritsa ntchito: Distillation ndi njira zowola zomwe zimafuna kutentha koyendetsedwa.
Zilingaliro Za Chitetezo
- zakuthupi: Magalasi ambiri a labotale amapangidwa kuchokera ku galasi la borosilicate (mwachitsanzo, Pyrex) chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwa kutentha.
- Kusamalira: Nthawi zonse gwirani zotengera zamagalasi mosamala kuti zisasweka. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera zoyenera monga magolovesi ndi magalasi oteteza chitetezo.
- kasamalidwe: Yang'anani pafupipafupi ming'alu kapena tchipisi musanagwiritse ntchito kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa.
- Kukonza: Kuyeretsa bwino glassware pambuyo ntchito iliyonse kukhala chiyero ndi kupewa mtanda kuipitsidwa pakati kuyesera.
